&fml8; needs language dependent functions internally. Especially, JIS to/from EUC-JP Janapese code conversion is used anywhere since Japanese mail messages are written in JIS code but programs are easy to use strings in EUC-JP. See message internationalization for the language dependence handling in messages. Language dependent module locates at Something::Language. For example, there are FML::Language::Japanese::String Mail::Bounce::Language::Japanese , The former provides Japanese dependent string functions. The latter provides Japanese dependent error mail analyzer functions.